Installing Linux from an ISO image file

If you are fed up of burning DVDs or Live CDs and want to install your favorite Linux OS straight from the image file which you have just downloaded, you can do it. This is one of the great options of installing Linux to your system.
All you need is:
1. A partition of EXT2/EXT3 or FAT32.
2. An ISO installable image of any Linux Distro.
I am going to give a tutorial for Fedora Distro. For others you can refer to the Table which I have provided below.
First step is to create a directory under root directory "/"
mkdir /fedora mkdir -p /fedora/images
Copy the downloaded image file to /fedora directory.
cp /home/user/Fedora-11-i386-DVD.iso /fedora
Now all you have to do is to copy 3 of the files from this image file. You can either extract this image file and copy both the files or you can mount this file and then copy these 3 files to the /fedora directory.
The three files which are needed to copy are "vmlinuz" "initrd.img" and "image/install.img"
I will go for the mount option, just because it wont take any extra space.
mount -o loop /fedora/Fedora-11-i386-DVD.iso /media/iso
Note you have to create a directory called /media/iso before executing the above command.
Now enter into this directory:
cd /media/iso/isolinux
Copy the files:
cp vmlinuz initrd.img /fedora cp images/install.img /fedora/images
That's all for the setup. Now you have to edit the grub which is responsible to boot image files.
vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
or
vi /boot/grub/grub.conf
Append the following into the file:
title Install Fedora 11 kernel /fedora/vmlinuz initrd /fedora/initrd.img
The title is the title which you want to display in the GRUB menu.
The ‘root’ is the hard disk partition that contains the ISO image.
The ‘kernel’ is the Linux kernel, which we copied into /fedora directory.
The ‘initrd’ is the initial RAM disk image,  which gets into the RAM.
Now you are ready to install your new Linux distro directly from the hard disk without the need for a CD/DVD drive. Reboot your system and select the ‘Install Fedora 11’ entry from your GRUB menu.
Follow the onscreen instruction and you are ready with a new distro without any hassle to burn DVDs.

Table 1: Names of kernel and RAM disk images in some popular distros
Distro	Kernel path	RAM disk path
Fedora/RHEL/CentOS	/isolinux/vmlinuz	/isolinux/initrd.img
openSUSE	/boot/i386/loader/linux	/boot/i386/loader/initrd
Mandriva	/i586/isolinux/alt0/vmlinuz	/i586/isolinux/alt0/all.rdz
Ubuntu	/casper/vmlinuz	/casper/initrd.gz
Debian	/install.386/vmlinuz	/isolinux/initrd.img

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Skype 2.1 Latest Version is out for Linux

Skype has recently released their latest release, Skype 2.1 beta for Linux. Until recently Skype was available for Fedora 7 only. Though it was able to be used on Fedora 11 also. Now they have released a version for Fedora 9 and Fedora 10+ which can be installed in Fedora 11 also. For Ubuntu users the release is for Ubuntu 8.04 and Ubuntu 8.10. They have also released Skype for 64 bit processor also, but for Ubuntu users only. All other Linux users can download the latest Skype 2.1 beta from this link: http://www.skype.com/download/skype/linux/choose/

This release comes with high quality video and super wideband audio that have been exciting features of Windows and Mac version. This release is quite important for Linux platforms since it supports Pulseaudio.

What is new in this release?

• Skype's SILK codec for outstanding sound quality
• High Quality Video
• PulseAudio
• Send SMS messages
• Organise your contacts with contact groups
• Improvements to chat (typing indicator, new emoticons and message editing)

Skype home page.
Skype Download page.

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